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Indenteringen (indragningen, tomrummet) ska vara lika stort för varje rad."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Exempelvis:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"losenord "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"input"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Ange lösenord: \""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if"}]},{"type":"text","value":" losenord "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"=="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"katt\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Du visste lösenordet!\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Du måste alltså vara den riktiga användaren...\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"...eller så är du en hacker.\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Programmet avslutades. Tack och hej!\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Du kan använda tab-tangenten för att lägga till mellanrum där det behövs. Om du använder mellanslag är det viktigt att komma ihåg att använda lika många för varje rad. OBS! Använd antingen tab eller mellanslag, blanda inte inom samma if-sats."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-wrapper"],"style":"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 537px; margin-bottom: 1rem;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-background-image"],"style":"padding-bottom: 67.82608695652173%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"picture","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/a0b58/1_6_keyboard.webp 230w","/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/bc10c/1_6_keyboard.webp 460w","/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/27c24/1_6_keyboard.webp 537w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 537px) 100vw, 537px","type":"image/webp"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/81c8e/1_6_keyboard.png 230w","/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/08a84/1_6_keyboard.png 460w","/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/b1cde/1_6_keyboard.png 537w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 537px) 100vw, 537px","type":"image/png"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-image"],"src":"/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/b1cde/1_6_keyboard.png","alt":"1 6 keyboard","title":"1 6 keyboard","loading":"lazy","decoding":"async","style":"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n "}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Flera texteditorer indenterar automatiskt den följande raden när Enter-tangenten trycks efter ett kolon. Du får bort indenteringen genom att använda Backspace-tangenten i början av en rad."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-wrapper"],"style":"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 293px; margin-bottom: 1rem;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-background-image"],"style":"padding-bottom: 96.08695652173913%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"picture","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/7f8b7a68350e9455732bc0462f21ccff/a0b58/1_6_keyboard2.webp 230w","/static/7f8b7a68350e9455732bc0462f21ccff/2b735/1_6_keyboard2.webp 293w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 293px) 100vw, 293px","type":"image/webp"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/7f8b7a68350e9455732bc0462f21ccff/81c8e/1_6_keyboard2.png 230w","/static/7f8b7a68350e9455732bc0462f21ccff/3cf3e/1_6_keyboard2.png 293w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 293px) 100vw, 293px","type":"image/png"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-image"],"src":"/static/7f8b7a68350e9455732bc0462f21ccff/3cf3e/1_6_keyboard2.png","alt":"1 6 keyboard2","title":"1 6 keyboard2","loading":"lazy","decoding":"async","style":"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"small","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"center","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\nTangentbordsbilden hämtad från:\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://pixabay.com/users/Clker-Free-Vector-Images-3736/?utm_source=link-attribution&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=image&utm_content=311803"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Clker-Free-Vector-Images"}]},{"type":"text","value":" from "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://pixabay.com/?utm_source=link-attribution&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=image&utm_content=311803"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pixabay"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Orwell","tmcname":"osa01-21_orwell"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Skapa ett program som frågar användaren om ett heltal och skriver ut texten \"Orwell\" om siffran är 1984. Annars skrivs inget ut."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ge ett tal: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2020"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ge ett tal: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1984"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nOrwell"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Absolutbelopp","tmcname":"osa01-22_absolutbelopp"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Skapa ett program som ber använder om ett heltal. Om talet är mindre än noll, skriver programmet ut talet multiplicerat med -1. I övriga fall skriver programmet ut det tal som användaren angett. Nedan finns några exempel på hur programmet ska fungera."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ge ett tal: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-7"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nTalets absolutbelopp är 7"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ge ett tal: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nTalets absolutbelopp är 1"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ge ett tal: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-99"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nTalets absolutbelopp är 99"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Soppa. 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En portion kostar 5,90."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Två exempel:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vad heter du: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kramer"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nHur många sopportioner: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSlutsumma 11.8\nNästa!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vad heter du: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jerry"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nNästa!"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Storleksklass","tmcname":"osa01-24_storleksklass"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Skapa ett program som frågar efter ett heltal av användaren. Programmet ska sedan berätta i vilken storleksklass talet är, enligt följande exempel:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ge ett tal: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"950"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSiffran är mindre än 1000\nTackar!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ge ett tal: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"59"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSiffran är mindre än 1000\nSiffran är mindre än 100\nTackar!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ge ett tal: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSiffran är mindre än 1000\nSiffran är mindre än 100\nSiffran är mindre än 10\nTackar!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ge ett tal: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1123"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nTackar!"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"boolean-varden-och--uttryck","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Boolean-värden och -uttryck"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#boolean-varden-och--uttryck","ariaLabel":"boolean varden och uttryck permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Alla villkor i en if-sats resulterar i ett sanningsvärde, det vill säga sant eller falskt. Till exempel är villkoret "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"a < 5"}]},{"type":"text","value":" sant då "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"a"}]},{"type":"text","value":" är mindre än fem och falskt då "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"a"}]},{"type":"text","value":" är fem eller större."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Denna typ av värden kallas alltså Boolean-värden (efter matematikern George Boole). I Python representerar datatypen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"bool"}]},{"type":"text","value":" ett sanningsvärde. Variabler av typen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"bool"}]},{"type":"text","value":" kan endast ha ett av följande värden: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"True"}]},{"type":"text","value":" (sant) och "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"False"}]},{"type":"text","value":" (falskt)."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"En kodsnutt som resulterar i något av de ovan nämnda värdena kallas Boolean-uttryck. Ett villkor i en if-sats är alltid ett Boolean-uttryck och kan i flera situationer användas som synonym för villkorsuttryck."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Resultatet av ett Boolean-uttryck kan lagras i en variabel på samma sätt som vilken som helst annan numerisk räkneoperation:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"a "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nvillkor "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" a "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"<"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"villkor"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if"}]},{"type":"text","value":" villkor"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"a är mindre än 5\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"True\na är mindre än 5"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pythons nyckelord "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"True"}]},{"type":"text","value":" och "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"False"}]},{"type":"text","value":" kan också användas direkt som sådana. I det följande exemplet körs "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-instruktionen alltid, eftersom värdet på villkoret är "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"True"}]},{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"villkor "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","boolean"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"True"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if"}]},{"type":"text","value":" villkor"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Vi når alltid hit\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vi når alltid hit"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Man kan tycka att det i ovanstående exempel inte verkar vara en så nyttig funktion, men senare under kursen kommer vi att se på situationer där vi kan ha mer nytta av Boolean-variabler."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Räknare","tmcname":"osa01-25_raknare"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Skapa ett program som först ber användaren ange två tal och därefter en resultat av en aritmetisk operation. Om användaren matar in summa, produkt eller differens, ska programmet utföra den nämnda räkneoperationen. I övriga fall skriver inte programmet ut något."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Exempel:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tal 1: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nTal 2: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"17"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKommando: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"summa"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10 + 17 = 27"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tal 1: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nTal 2: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKommando: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"produkt"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4 * 6 = 24"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tal 1: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nTal 2: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKommando: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"differens"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4 - 6 = -2"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Temperaturer","tmcname":"osa01-26_temperaturer"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Skapa ett program som ber användaren ange en temperatur i Fahrenheit. Programmet ska skriva ut den här temperaturen i Celcius. Om temperaturen mätt i Celcius är under noll ska programmet också skriva ut texten \"Kallt!\"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Du kan söka på nätet efter den korrekta formeln för att konvertera temperaturer i Fahrenheit till Celcius."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Exempel:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ange temperatur (i Fahrenheit): "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"101"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n101 grader Fahrenheit är 38.333333333333336 grader Celcius"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ange temperatur (i Fahrenheit): "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"21"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n21 grader Fahrenheit är -6.111111111111111 grader Celcius\nKallt!"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Lön","tmcname":"osa01-27_lon"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Skapa ett program som frågar efter timlön, antal arbetstimmar samt veckodag. Programmet skriver ut lönen som räknas med formeln timlön * arbetstimmar. På söndagar får man dubbel timlön, dvs. den vanliga timlönen * 2."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Timlön: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"8.5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nArbetstimmar: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nVeckodag: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"måndag"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLön 25.5 euro"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Timlön: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"12.5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nArbetstimmar: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nVeckodag: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"söndag"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLön 250.0 euro"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Fixa programmet: Ränta","tmcname":"osa01-28_ranta"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Det här programmet räknar antalet bonuspoäng som ska adderas till ett bonuskort i slutet av året, enligt följande formel:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"bonuspoäng < 100: ränta 10 % extra poäng"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"övriga fall: ränta 15 % extra poäng"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Så här fungerar programmet:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Hur många poäng? 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Programmet rekommenderar därefter klädsel enligt vädret."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Rekommendationen beror på om temperaturen är över fem, tio eller 20 grader samt om det regnar."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Så här ska programmet fungera:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Berätta väderprognosen för imorgon:\nTemperatur: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"21"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nRegnar det (ja/nej): "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"nej"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nTa på dig byxor och t-skjorta"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Berätta väderprognosen för imorgon:\nTemperatur: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"11"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nRegnar det (ja/nej): "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"nej"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nTa på dig byxor och t-skjorta\nTa på dig också en långärmad tröja"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Berätta väderprognosen för imorgon:\nTemperatur: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"7"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nRegnar det (ja/nej): "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"nej"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nTa på dig byxor och t-skjorta\nTa på dig också en långärmad tröja\nKlä på dig en jacka"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Berätta väderprognosen för imorgon:\nTemperatur: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nRegnar det (ja/nej): "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ja"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nTa på dig byxor och t-skjorta\nTa på dig också en långärmad tröja\nKlä på dig en jacka\nEn varm jacka rekommenderas\nVantar rekommenderas också\nKom ihåg paraplyet!"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Andra gradens ekvation","tmcname":"osa01-30_andra_gradens_ekvation"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Modulen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"math"}]},{"type":"text","value":" i Python har funktionen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sqrt"}]},{"type":"text","value":" som kan användas för att räkna kvadratroten för ett tal. 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Användaren ska mata in värdena på a, b och c, varefter programmet beräknar lösningen enligt följande formel:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"x = (-b ± sqrt(b² - 4ac)) / (2a)"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Du kan anta att ekvationen har två rötter, varvid formeln ovan fungerar."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Exempel:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ge a: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nGe b: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nGe c: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-8"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Rötterna är 2.0 och -4.0"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Repetitionsfrågor till denna del:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"12e2a8eb-5b67-52ef-88a2-05473e0a9b18"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vänligen svara på en kort enkät om materialet i den här veckans modul. Du får ett poäng när du fyllt i enkäten."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"53cc0c86-a88a-5e40-8bfb-964353c2a9ca"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"

Efter den här delen

Hittills har vi skapat program där koden körts rad för rad från början till slut. Istället för att köra varje kodrad när programmet är igång är det ofta nyttigt att ha delar i programmet som endast körs i vissa situationer.

Till exempel verifierar följande program att användaren är tillräckligt gammal:

alder = int(input(\"Vad är din ålder? \"))\n\nif alder > 17:\n    print(\"Du är myndig!\")\n    print(\"Här får du alltså GTA 6.\")\n\nprint(\"Nästa kund!\")

När användaren är över 17 år, borde det se ut så här när programmet körs:

Vad är din ålder? 18\nDu är myndig!\nHär får du alltså GTA 6.\nNästa kund!

Däremot, om användaren är 17 eller yngre, ser utskriften ut så här:

Vad är din ålder? 16\nNästa kund!

Dessa exempel visar hur ett värde som getts till programmet påverkar vilka delar av koden som körs. Programmet innehåller en villkorssats, som vanligen kallas if-sats, som gör det möjligt att ange vilken kod som ska köras i vilka situationer.

\n \n \n \n \n \"1\n \n

I en if-sats följs nyckelordet if av ett villkorsuttryck som till exempel kan vara en jämförelse av två värden. Koden som följer körs endast då villkoret uppfylls.

Notera kolontecknet. Om det saknas…

alder = 10\n\n# kolonet saknas i slutet av raden\nif alder > 17\n    print(\"Du är myndig.\")

…kommer ett felmeddelande att skrivas ut när programmet körs:

\n
\nFile \"program.py\", line 3\n  if alder > 17\n              ^\nSyntaxError: invalid syntax\n
\n

Jämförelseoperatorer

Det är vanligt att man vill jämföra två värden sinsemellan. Här följer en tabell över de vanligaste jämförelseoperatorerna i Python:

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
OperatorBetydelseExempel
==Är lika meda == b
!=Är inte likaa != b
>Större äna > b
>=Större än eller lika meda >= b
<Mindre äna < b
<=Mindre än eller lika meda <= b

Vi tar nu en titt på ett program som ger olika utskrifter baserat på det värde som användaren anger. Här har vi tre if-satser som kan uppfyllas då värdet är negativt, positivt eller lika med noll:

tal = int(input(\"Ge ett tal: \"))\n\nif tal < 0:\n    print(\"Talet är negativt.\")\n\nif tal > 0:\n    print(\"Talet är positivt.\")\n\nif tal == 0:\n    print(\"Talet är noll.\")

Så här kan det se ut när vi kör programmet med olika indata:

Ge ett tal: 15\nTalet är positivt.

Ge ett tal: -18\nTalet är negativt.

Ge ett tal: 0\nTalet är noll.

Indentering

Python känner igen att en kodsnutt hör till en if-sats på basis av indentering, dvs. instruktioner som dragits in på raden. Alla instruktioner som kommer efter if-raden som indenteras på samma sätt hör till if-satsen. Indenteringen (indragningen, tomrummet) ska vara lika stort för varje rad.

Exempelvis:

losenord = input(\"Ange lösenord: \")\n\nif losenord == \"katt\":\n    print(\"Du visste lösenordet!\")\n    print(\"Du måste alltså vara den riktiga användaren...\")\n    print(\"...eller så är du en hacker.\")\n\nprint(\"Programmet avslutades. Tack och hej!\")

Du kan använda tab-tangenten för att lägga till mellanrum där det behövs. Om du använder mellanslag är det viktigt att komma ihåg att använda lika många för varje rad. OBS! Använd antingen tab eller mellanslag, blanda inte inom samma if-sats.

\n \n \n \n \n \"1\n \n

Flera texteditorer indenterar automatiskt den följande raden när Enter-tangenten trycks efter ett kolon. Du får bort indenteringen genom att använda Backspace-tangenten i början av en rad.

\n \n \n \n \n \"1\n \n \n
\nTangentbordsbilden hämtad från:\n Clker-Free-Vector-Images from Pixabay\n

Skapa ett program som frågar användaren om ett heltal och skriver ut texten \"Orwell\" om siffran är 1984. Annars skrivs inget ut.

Ge ett tal: 2020

Ge ett tal: 1984\nOrwell

Skapa ett program som ber använder om ett heltal. Om talet är mindre än noll, skriver programmet ut talet multiplicerat med -1. I övriga fall skriver programmet ut det tal som användaren angett. Nedan finns några exempel på hur programmet ska fungera.

Ge ett tal: -7\nTalets absolutbelopp är 7

Ge ett tal: 1\nTalets absolutbelopp är 1

Ge ett tal: -99\nTalets absolutbelopp är 99

Skapa ett program som först frågar efter användarens förnamn. Om namnet inte är \"Jerry\", fortsätter programmet med att fråga antalet sopportioner och berättar sedan priset för \"hela soppan\". En portion kostar 5,90.

Två exempel:

Vad heter du: Kramer\nHur många sopportioner: 2\nSlutsumma 11.8\nNästa!

Vad heter du: Jerry\nNästa!

Skapa ett program som frågar efter ett heltal av användaren. Programmet ska sedan berätta i vilken storleksklass talet är, enligt följande exempel:

Ge ett tal: 950\nSiffran är mindre än 1000\nTackar!

Ge ett tal: 59\nSiffran är mindre än 1000\nSiffran är mindre än 100\nTackar!

Ge ett tal: 2\nSiffran är mindre än 1000\nSiffran är mindre än 100\nSiffran är mindre än 10\nTackar!

Ge ett tal: 1123\nTackar!

Boolean-värden och -uttryck

Alla villkor i en if-sats resulterar i ett sanningsvärde, det vill säga sant eller falskt. Till exempel är villkoret a < 5 sant då a är mindre än fem och falskt då a är fem eller större.

Denna typ av värden kallas alltså Boolean-värden (efter matematikern George Boole). I Python representerar datatypen bool ett sanningsvärde. Variabler av typen bool kan endast ha ett av följande värden: True (sant) och False (falskt).

En kodsnutt som resulterar i något av de ovan nämnda värdena kallas Boolean-uttryck. Ett villkor i en if-sats är alltid ett Boolean-uttryck och kan i flera situationer användas som synonym för villkorsuttryck.

Resultatet av ett Boolean-uttryck kan lagras i en variabel på samma sätt som vilken som helst annan numerisk räkneoperation:

a = 3\nvillkor = a < 5\nprint(villkor)\nif villkor:\n    print(\"a är mindre än 5\")

True\na är mindre än 5

Pythons nyckelord True och False kan också användas direkt som sådana. I det följande exemplet körs print-instruktionen alltid, eftersom värdet på villkoret är True:

villkor = True\nif villkor:\n    print(\"Vi når alltid hit\")

Vi når alltid hit

Man kan tycka att det i ovanstående exempel inte verkar vara en så nyttig funktion, men senare under kursen kommer vi att se på situationer där vi kan ha mer nytta av Boolean-variabler.

Skapa ett program som först ber användaren ange två tal och därefter en resultat av en aritmetisk operation. Om användaren matar in summa, produkt eller differens, ska programmet utföra den nämnda räkneoperationen. I övriga fall skriver inte programmet ut något.

Exempel:

Tal 1: 10\nTal 2: 17\nKommando: summa

10 + 17 = 27

Tal 1: 4\nTal 2: 6\nKommando: produkt

4 * 6 = 24

Tal 1: 4\nTal 2: 6\nKommando: differens

4 - 6 = -2

Skapa ett program som ber användaren ange en temperatur i Fahrenheit. Programmet ska skriva ut den här temperaturen i Celcius. Om temperaturen mätt i Celcius är under noll ska programmet också skriva ut texten \"Kallt!\".

Du kan söka på nätet efter den korrekta formeln för att konvertera temperaturer i Fahrenheit till Celcius.

Exempel:

Ange temperatur (i Fahrenheit): 101\n101 grader Fahrenheit är 38.333333333333336 grader Celcius

Ange temperatur (i Fahrenheit): 21\n21 grader Fahrenheit är -6.111111111111111 grader Celcius\nKallt!

Skapa ett program som frågar efter timlön, antal arbetstimmar samt veckodag. Programmet skriver ut lönen som räknas med formeln timlön * arbetstimmar. På söndagar får man dubbel timlön, dvs. den vanliga timlönen * 2.

Timlön: 8.5\nArbetstimmar: 3\nVeckodag: måndag\nLön 25.5 euro

Timlön: 12.5\nArbetstimmar: 10\nVeckodag: söndag\nLön 250.0 euro

Det här programmet räknar antalet bonuspoäng som ska adderas till ett bonuskort i slutet av året, enligt följande formel:

Så här fungerar programmet:

Hur många poäng? 55\nDu fick 10 % i bonus\nDu har nu 60.5 poäng

Programmet beter sig dock underligt med en del indata:

Hur många poäng? 95\nDu fick 10 % i bonus\nDu fick 15 % i bonus\nDu har nu 120.175 poäng

Korrigera programmet så att man endast får 10 % eller 15 % bonus – inte både och.

Gör ett program som frågar användaren om morgondagens väderprognos. Programmet rekommenderar därefter klädsel enligt vädret.

Rekommendationen beror på om temperaturen är över fem, tio eller 20 grader samt om det regnar.

Så här ska programmet fungera:

Berätta väderprognosen för imorgon:\nTemperatur: 21\nRegnar det (ja/nej): nej\nTa på dig byxor och t-skjorta

Berätta väderprognosen för imorgon:\nTemperatur: 11\nRegnar det (ja/nej): nej\nTa på dig byxor och t-skjorta\nTa på dig också en långärmad tröja

Berätta väderprognosen för imorgon:\nTemperatur: 7\nRegnar det (ja/nej): nej\nTa på dig byxor och t-skjorta\nTa på dig också en långärmad tröja\nKlä på dig en jacka

Berätta väderprognosen för imorgon:\nTemperatur: 3\nRegnar det (ja/nej): ja\nTa på dig byxor och t-skjorta\nTa på dig också en långärmad tröja\nKlä på dig en jacka\nEn varm jacka rekommenderas\nVantar rekommenderas också\nKom ihåg paraplyet!

Modulen math i Python har funktionen sqrt som kan användas för att räkna kvadratroten för ett tal. Så här fungerar funktionen:

from math import sqrt\n\nprint(sqrt(9))

Programmet skriver ut:

3.0

Gör ett program som beräknar resultatet för andra gradens ekvation ax² + bx + c. Användaren ska mata in värdena på a, b och c, varefter programmet beräknar lösningen enligt följande formel:

x = (-b ± sqrt(b² - 4ac)) / (2a)

Du kan anta att ekvationen har två rötter, varvid formeln ovan fungerar.

Exempel:

Ge a: 1\nGe b: 2\nGe c: -8

Rötterna är 2.0 och -4.0

Repetitionsfrågor till denna del:

Vänligen svara på en kort enkät om materialet i den här veckans modul. Du får ett poäng när du fyllt i enkäten.

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