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Metoden "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"render"}]},{"type":"text","value":" skapar sedan en bild av den angivna texten i den angivna färgen. Denna bild ritas på fönstret med metoden "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"blit"}]},{"type":"text","value":", precis som tidigare."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"OBS: olika system kommer att ha olika teckensnitt tillgängliga. Om det system som det här programmet körs på inte har teckensnittet Arial, trots att Arial är ett mycket vanligt teckensnitt som finns på de flesta system, används istället systemets standardteckensnitt. Om du behöver ha ett specifikt teckensnitt tillgängligt för ditt spel kan du inkludera teckensnittsfilen i spelkatalogen och ange dess plats för metoden "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"pygame.font.Font"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"ovningar","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Övningar"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#ovningar","ariaLabel":"ovningar permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Här är några mer avancerade övningar för att öva på det du har lärt dig i denna del av kursmaterialet."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Kello","tmcname":"osa13-16_kello"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Skriv ett program som visar en urtavla som visar systemtiden. Slutresultatet ska se ut så här:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/0e95a9664e02d0dd939be3ebfd4725d5/pygame_kello.gif"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Asteroider","tmcname":"osa13-17_asteroider"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Skapa ett spel där asteroider faller från himlen. Spelaren flyttar en robot till höger och vänster och försöker samla upp de fallande stenarna. Spelaren får ett poäng för varje asteroid som samlas in och den totala poängen visas högst upp i fönstret. Spelet tar slut när spelaren missar en asteroid. Slutresultatet bör se ut så här:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/589bb5f7fafc7f948dfab758f0bd6273/pygame_asteroidit.gif"},"children":[]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"I uppgiftsbotten finns bilden "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sten.png"}]},{"type":"text","value":" för asteroiden."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Svara vänligen på en snabb enkät om denna del av kursen:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"86a0a276-69a0-58ea-956f-a118957fd07b"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"

Efter den här delen

    \n
  • Kommer du att veta hur man titlar pygame-fönstret
    • \n
  • Kommer du att kunna rita former med pygame
    • \n
  • Kommer du att veta hur du visar text i ditt fönster
    • \n

Fönstrets titel

Dina program kommer att se mer professionella ut om fönstertiteln istället för \"pygame window\" innehåller det faktiska namnet på programmet. Titeln ställs in med funktionen pygame.display.set_caption:

pygame.display.set_caption(\"Det stora äventyret\")

Att rita former

Följande program ritar en rektangel, en cirkel och en linje på skärmen:

import pygame\n\npygame.init()\nfonster = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))\nfonster.fill((0, 0, 0))\n\npygame.draw.rect(fonster, (0, 255, 0), (50, 100, 200, 250))\npygame.draw.circle(fonster, (255, 0, 0), (200, 150), 40)\npygame.draw.line(fonster, (0, 0, 255), (80, 120), (300, 160), 2)\n\npygame.display.flip()\n\nwhile True:\n    for handelse in pygame.event.get():\n        if handelse.type == pygame.QUIT:\n            exit()

Körning av koden ovan borde se ut enligt följande:

Att rita text

Text i pygame ritas i två steg: först skapar vi en bild som innehåller den önskade texten, och sedan ritas denna bild på skärmen. Det fungerar på följande sätt:

import pygame\n\npygame.init()\nfonster = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))\nfonster.fill((0, 0, 0))\n\nfont = pygame.font.SysFont(\"Arial\", 24)\ntext = font.render(\"<Moikka!>\", True, (255, 0, 0))\nfonster.blit(text, (100, 50))\npygame.display.flip()\n\nwhile True:\n    for handelse in pygame.event.get():\n        if handelse.type == pygame.QUIT:\n            exit()

Körning av koden ovan borde se ut enligt följande:

Här skapar metoden pygame.font.SysFont ett typsnittsobjekt, som använder systemtypsnittet Arial i storlek 24. Metoden render skapar sedan en bild av den angivna texten i den angivna färgen. Denna bild ritas på fönstret med metoden blit, precis som tidigare.

OBS: olika system kommer att ha olika teckensnitt tillgängliga. Om det system som det här programmet körs på inte har teckensnittet Arial, trots att Arial är ett mycket vanligt teckensnitt som finns på de flesta system, används istället systemets standardteckensnitt. Om du behöver ha ett specifikt teckensnitt tillgängligt för ditt spel kan du inkludera teckensnittsfilen i spelkatalogen och ange dess plats för metoden pygame.font.Font.

Övningar

Här är några mer avancerade övningar för att öva på det du har lärt dig i denna del av kursmaterialet.

Skriv ett program som visar en urtavla som visar systemtiden. Slutresultatet ska se ut så här:

Skapa ett spel där asteroider faller från himlen. Spelaren flyttar en robot till höger och vänster och försöker samla upp de fallande stenarna. Spelaren får ett poäng för varje asteroid som samlas in och den totala poängen visas högst upp i fönstret. Spelet tar slut när spelaren missar en asteroid. Slutresultatet bör se ut så här:

I uppgiftsbotten finns bilden sten.png för asteroiden.

Svara vänligen på en snabb enkät om denna del av kursen:

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