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cafile"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":"certifi"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"where"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# övrig kod"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h4","properties":{"id":"info-om-en-kurs","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Info om en kurs"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#info-om-en-kurs","ariaLabel":"info om en kurs permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"För varje kurs finns uppgiftsstatistik på adressen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses/****/stats","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses/****/stats"}]},{"type":"text","value":" – ersätt asteriskerna med kursens korta namn ("},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"name"}]},{"type":"text","value":")."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"T.ex. statistik för kursen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"docker2019"}]},{"type":"text","value":" finns på "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses/docker2019/stats","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses/docker2019/stats"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Skapa funktionen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"hamta_kurs(kurs: str)"}]},{"type":"text","value":" som hämtar statistik för den valda kursen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"När vi anropar "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"hamta_kurs(\"docker2019\")"}]},{"type":"text","value":" returnerar funktionen ett lexikon med följande innehåll:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"{\n 'veckor': 4,\n 'studerande': 220,\n 'timmar': 5966,\n 'timmar_genomsnitt': 27,\n 'uppgifter': 4988,\n 'uppgifter_genomsnitt': 22\n}\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Värdena bestäms enligt följande:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"veckor"}]},{"type":"text","value":": antal JSON-element som representerar en kurs"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"studerande"}]},{"type":"text","value":": maxantal studerande under veckorna"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"timmar"}]},{"type":"text","value":": summan av alla veckornas timantal ("},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"hour_total"}]},{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"timmar_genomsnitt"}]},{"type":"text","value":": föregående dividerat med antal studerande (heltal, avrundas nedåt)"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"uppgifter"}]},{"type":"text","value":": alla veckors uppgiftsantal ("},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"exercise_total"}]},{"type":"text","value":") summerat"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"uppgifter_genomsnitt"}]},{"type":"text","value":": föregående dividerat med antal studerande (heltal, avrundas nedåt)"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Obs! Alla "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Obs!"}]},{"type":"text","value":" ovan gäller också här."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Obs! I "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"math"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-modulen"}]},{"type":"text","value":" hittar du en funktion som gör det lätt att avrunda nedåt."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Vem lurade","tmcname":"osa07-14_lurade"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"I filen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"start.csv"}]},{"type":"text","value":" finns starttider för tentor i formatet "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"id;hh:mm"}]},{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"csv"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-csv"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-csv"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","value"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"jarmo;09:00"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","value"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"timo;18:42"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","value"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kalle;13:23"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"I filen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"returnering.csv"}]},{"type":"text","value":" finns returneringstiden för uppgifter i formatet "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"id;uppgift;poäng;hh:mm"}]},{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"csv"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-csv"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-csv"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","value"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"jarmo;1;8;16:05"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","value"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"timo;2;10;21:22"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","value"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"jarmo;2;10;19:15"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","value"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"o.s.v. ..."}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Din uppgift är att hitta de studerande som använt över tre timmar för att göra sin tenta, dvs. någon av uppgifterna har lämnats in över tre timmar sedan tentan inleddes. Det kan alltså finnas flera inlämningar. Du kan anta att alla klockslag är under samma dygn."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Skapa funktionen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"fuskare()"}]},{"type":"text","value":" som returnerar en lista över fuskarnas id:n."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Vem lurade, andra versionen","tmcname":"osa07-15_lurade_v2"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Du har till ditt förfogande de filer som presenterades i den förra uppgiften. Skapa funktionen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"officiella_poang()"}]},{"type":"text","value":", som returnerar studerandenas provpoäng i ett lexikon enligt följande regler:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"om samma uppgift har flera inlämningar, tas inlämningen med högsta poäng i beaktande"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"om en inlämning gjorts över tre timmar efter att tentan inletts, ska inlämningen inte tas i beaktande."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Uppgifterna är numrerade 1-8 och för varje uppgift kan man få 0-6 poäng."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"I lexikonet är nyckeln id:t och värdet totalpoängen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tips: Du kan lagra lexikon inuti lexikon, vilket kan vara till nytta då du lagrar poängantal och tider för olika studerande."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"hitta-moduler","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Hitta moduler"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#hitta-moduler","ariaLabel":"hitta moduler permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pythons officiella dokumentation innehåller information om alla moduler som är tillgängliga i standardbiblioteket:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/"}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Förutom standardbiblioteket är internet fullproppat med andra Python-moduler för olika ändamål. Några vanliga moduler listas på den här sidan:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://wiki.python.org/moin/UsefulModules","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"https://wiki.python.org/moin/UsefulModules"}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Spell checker, andra versionen","tmcname":"osa07-16_spellcheck_v2"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"I den här uppgiften förbättrar vi lite vårt språkkontrollverktyg."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Som i den förra versionen ska programmet be användaren ange text på engelska. Programmet utför språkkontroll och markerar felstavade ord. Dessutom ska programmet nu föreslå lösningar på skrivfelen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Två exempel:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"write text: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"We use ptython to make a spell checker"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"We use *ptython* to make a spell checker\nförslag:\nptython: python, pythons, typhon\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"write text: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"this is acually a good and usefull program"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"this is *acually* a good and *usefull* program\nförslag:\nacually: actually, tactually, factually\nusefull: usefully, useful, museful\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Korrigeringsförslagen söks med hjälp av "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/difflib.html","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"modulen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"difflib"}]}]},{"type":"text","value":" i standardbiblioteket: använd funktionen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/difflib.html#difflib.get_close_matches","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"get_close_matches"}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Obs! För att testen ska fungera ska du använda funktionen med dess förinställda val – ge alltså bara två argument: felaktiga ordet och listan med korrekta ord."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"5f11d5c0-d14c-526a-81a5-f87baf946270"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"

Efter den här delen

Läsa CSV-filer

CSV är ett så enkelt format att vi tills vidare har behandlat dessa filer med självskriven kod. Det finns däremot en färdig modul för CSV-filer i Pythons standardbibliotek: csv. Modulen fungerar så här:

import csv\n\nwith open(\"test.csv\") as fil:\n    for rad in csv.reader(fil, delimiter=\";\"):\n        print(rad)

Koden ovan läser alla rader i CSV-filen test.csv, skiljer innehåller på varje rad med separatorn ; och skriver ut varje lista. Om innehållet i filen är det följande…

012121212;5\n012345678;2\n015151515;4

…borde koden skriva ut det här:

['012121212', '5']\n['012345678', '2']\n['015151515', '4']

Eftersom CSV-formatet är så enkelt, kan vi fråga oss vad nyttan med en skild modul är då vi bara kunde använda split-funktionen. Det finns några bra orsaker. En orsak är att csv-modulen klarar av strängar som innehåller skiljetecknet:

\"aaa;bbb\";\"ccc;ddd\"

Koden ovan skulle då ge följande resultat:

['aaa;bbb', 'ccc;ddd']

Om vi skulle använda split-funktionen, skulle själva strängarna också delas i två, vilket skulle förstöra den data som ska behandlas och antagligen orsaka problem i programmet.

Läsa JSON-filer

CSV är bara ett maskinläsbart dataformat. JSON är ett annat sådant format och det används ofta när data överförs mellan olika program.

JSON-filer är textfiler som följer en strikt syntax, som eventuellt är lite mindre människovänligt än CSV-formatet. Följande exempel använder filen kurser.json, som innehåller information om några kurser:

[\n    {\n        \"namn\": \"Introkurs i programmering\",\n        \"id\": \"Ohpe\",\n        \"perioder\": [1, 3]\n    },\n    {\n        \"namn\": \"Fortsättningskurs i programmering\",\n        \"id\": \"Ohja\",\n        \"perioder\": [2, 4]\n    },\n    {\n        \"namn\": \"Databasapplikation\",\n        \"id\": \"Tsoha\",\n        \"perioder\": [1, 2, 3, 4]\n    }\n]

Strukturen hos en JSON-fil kanske ser bekant ut. JSON-filen ser ut som en Python-lista som innehåller tre Python-lexikon.

Standardbiblioteket innehåller json-modulen som kan användas för att behandla JSON-filer. Funktionen loads tar emot ett argument som innehåller data i JSON-format och konverterar den till Pythons egen datastruktur. När vi använder kurser.json i koden nedan…

import json\n\nwith open(\"kurser.json\") as fil:\n    data = fil.read()\nkurser = json.loads(data)\nprint(kurser)

…får vi följande utskrift:

[{'namn': 'Introkurs i programmering', 'id': 'Ohpe', 'perioder': [1, 3]}, {'namn': 'Fortsättningskurs i programmering', 'id': 'Ohja', 'perioder': [2, 4]}, {'namn': 'Databasapplikation', 'id': 'Tsoha', 'perioder': [1, 2, 3, 4]}]

Om vi vill skriva ut namnet på varje kurs kan vi använda en for-loop:

for kurs in kurser:\n    print(kurs[\"namn\"])

Introkurs i programmering\nFortsättningskurs i programmering\nDatabasapplikation

Vi inspekterar en JSON-fil med innehåll om studerande i följande format:

[\n    {\n        \"namn\": \"Piritta Pythonist\",\n        \"alder\": 27,\n        \"hobbyer\": [\n            \"att koda\",\n            \"att virka\"\n        ]\n    },\n    {\n        \"namn\": \"Jessica Javalig\",\n        \"alder\": 24,\n        \"hobbyer\": [\n            \"att koda\",\n            \"bergsklättring\",\n            \"att läsa\"\n        ]\n    }\n]

Skapa funktionen skriv_ut_personer(fil: str) som läser en JSON-fil enligt formatet ovan och skriver ut informationen så här:

Piritta Pythonist 27 år (att koda, att virka)\nJessica Javalig 24 år (att koda, bergsklättring, att läsa)

Hobbyerna ska vara i samma ordning som i JSON-filen.

Hämta en fil från internet

Standardbiblioteket i Python innehåller också moduler som kan användas för att hantera innehåll på internet. En nyttig funktion är urllib.request.urlopen. Det lönar sig att bekanta sig med modulen som helhet, men följande exempel borde räcka till för att få en insikt i hur funktionen fungerar. Den kan användas för att hämta data från internet, för vidare behandling i ditt program.

Följande kodstunn skriver ut innehållet från huvudsidan för Helsingfors universitet:

import urllib.request\n\nbegaran = urllib.request.urlopen(\"https://helsinki.fi\")\nprint(begaran.read())

Sidor som är skräddarsydda för människoögon ser inte vanligtvis trevliga ut när deras kod skrivs ut. I de kommande exemplen kommer vi däremot att läsa in data i maskinformat från internet. En stor del maskinläsbara data på internet är i JSON-format.

Info om kurser

På adressen https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses finns det info om några nätkurser i JSON-format.

Skapa funktionen hamta_alla() som hämtar och returnerar de aktiva kursernas (fältet enabled har värdet True) info som en lista med tupler enligt följande exempel:

\n[\n    ('Full Stack Open 2020', 'ofs2019', 2020, 201),\n    ('DevOps with Docker 2019', 'docker2019', 2019, 36),\n    ('DevOps with Docker 2020', 'docker2020', 2020, 36),\n    ('Beta DevOps with Kubernetes', 'beta-dwk-20', 2020, 28)\n]\n

Alla tupler innehåller alltså

Obs! Du måste använda funktionen urllib.request.urlopen.

Obs! Hårdkoda inte data, testerna kommer att avslöja sådana försök!!

Obs! En del Mac-användare har stött på följande problem:

File \"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/urllib/request.py\", line 1353, in do_open\n    raise URLError(err)\nurllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1124)>

Lösningen beror på hur Python är installerat på datorn. I vissa fall fungerar:

cd \"/Applications/Python 3.8/\"\nsudo \"./Install Certificates.command

Sökvägen i cd-kommandot beror på din Python-version.

Här hittar du flera möjliga lösningar.

Du kan testa på följande:

import urllib.request\nimport json\nimport ssl # lägg till det här\n\ndef hamta_alla():\n    # och det här i början av funktioner\n    context = ssl._create_unverified_context()\n    # övrig kod

Ett annat sätt att komma runt problemet:

import urllib.request\nimport certifi # lägg till det här\nimport json\n\ndef hamta_alla():\n   adress = \"https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses\"\n   # lägger till ett andra argument\n   begaran = urllib.request.urlopen(adress, cafile=certifi.where())\n   # övrig kod

Info om en kurs

För varje kurs finns uppgiftsstatistik på adressen https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses/****/stats – ersätt asteriskerna med kursens korta namn (name).

T.ex. statistik för kursen docker2019 finns på https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses/docker2019/stats.

Skapa funktionen hamta_kurs(kurs: str) som hämtar statistik för den valda kursen.

När vi anropar hamta_kurs(\"docker2019\") returnerar funktionen ett lexikon med följande innehåll:

\n{\n    'veckor': 4,\n    'studerande': 220,\n    'timmar': 5966,\n    'timmar_genomsnitt': 27,\n    'uppgifter': 4988,\n    'uppgifter_genomsnitt': 22\n}\n

Värdena bestäms enligt följande:

Obs! Alla Obs! ovan gäller också här.

Obs! I math-modulen hittar du en funktion som gör det lätt att avrunda nedåt.

I filen start.csv finns starttider för tentor i formatet id;hh:mm:

jarmo;09:00\ntimo;18:42\nkalle;13:23

I filen returnering.csv finns returneringstiden för uppgifter i formatet id;uppgift;poäng;hh:mm:

jarmo;1;8;16:05\ntimo;2;10;21:22\njarmo;2;10;19:15\no.s.v. ...

Din uppgift är att hitta de studerande som använt över tre timmar för att göra sin tenta, dvs. någon av uppgifterna har lämnats in över tre timmar sedan tentan inleddes. Det kan alltså finnas flera inlämningar. Du kan anta att alla klockslag är under samma dygn.

Skapa funktionen fuskare() som returnerar en lista över fuskarnas id:n.

Du har till ditt förfogande de filer som presenterades i den förra uppgiften. Skapa funktionen officiella_poang(), som returnerar studerandenas provpoäng i ett lexikon enligt följande regler:

Uppgifterna är numrerade 1-8 och för varje uppgift kan man få 0-6 poäng.

I lexikonet är nyckeln id:t och värdet totalpoängen.

Tips: Du kan lagra lexikon inuti lexikon, vilket kan vara till nytta då du lagrar poängantal och tider för olika studerande.

Hitta moduler

Pythons officiella dokumentation innehåller information om alla moduler som är tillgängliga i standardbiblioteket:

Förutom standardbiblioteket är internet fullproppat med andra Python-moduler för olika ändamål. Några vanliga moduler listas på den här sidan:

I den här uppgiften förbättrar vi lite vårt språkkontrollverktyg.

Som i den förra versionen ska programmet be användaren ange text på engelska. Programmet utför språkkontroll och markerar felstavade ord. Dessutom ska programmet nu föreslå lösningar på skrivfelen.

Två exempel:

write text: We use ptython to make a spell checker

\nWe use *ptython* to make a spell checker\nförslag:\nptython: python, pythons, typhon\n

write text: this is acually a good and usefull program

\nthis is *acually* a good and *usefull* program\nförslag:\nacually: actually, tactually, factually\nusefull: usefully, useful, museful\n

Korrigeringsförslagen söks med hjälp av modulen difflib i standardbiblioteket: använd funktionen get_close_matches.

Obs! För att testen ska fungera ska du använda funktionen med dess förinställda val – ge alltså bara två argument: felaktiga ordet och listan med korrekta ord.

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